Years ago there was a Saturday Night Live skit that took place in a psychologist’s office. The patient would come in, sit on a big comfy couch and disclose their issues to the prototypical, turtleneck wearing therapist. The hypothetical client would present with, say, depression as the therapist nodded empathically. When the client had finished talking, the therapist would lean over his mahogany desk and yell, “Well? Just stop being sad!” This continued on through several disorders, and the therapist’s response was always the same: “Well? Just stop being anxious!” While initially somewhat humorous (for the first 60 seconds at least), the SNL skit portrays an all too common perception about mental illness: that a disease of the mind can be controlled—as opposed to say a disease of the body. No one says, “Well, just stop having the flu!” If the prevailing assumption is that mental illness can be somehow controlled, then those who suffer from a mental illness are perceived as weaker and inferior. The reality, however, is that with more advanced research being conducted, experts are arriving at a fuller understanding of the biological, neurological, physiological and developmental origins of many pathologies. Like beauty, stigma is in the eye of the beholder. And as the SNL example shows, the media unfortunately contributes to the perpetuation of stereotypes of people with mental illness. Stereotypes place people in neat little categories, exaggerating differences between groups and creating a false “us vs. them” mentality. Similar to other prejudices (racial, ethnic, etc.), stereotypes foster an environment that makes “them” easier to dismiss, so that the one who stigmatizes can maintain social distance. We like to think we live in enlightened society: technological advancements have made our lives more comfortable, and, for the most part, we have become more aware and sensitive to existing cultural diversity. Sadly, however, an enlightened and sensitive reception towards individuals with mental illness is not yet a universal reality. No doubt, as a society we have thankfully matured well beyond the cruelty and inhumanity of asylums, where the mentally ill were chained at all times, hardly fed, and left rest in their own waste. We have certainly come a long way in just over 200 years, when the initial humanitarian reforms of asylums began by Philippe Pinel in 1792. Although the stigma of mental illness is no longer so blatant, it certainly exists. A recent study by Crispet al.(2000) surveying over 1,700 adults in the UK discovered some surprisingly disturbing conclusions: 1) that those with a mental illness—particularly schizophrenia, alcoholism and substance abuse—were perceived as dangerous, 2) alcoholism, substance abuse and eating disorders were seen as self-inflicted, and finally 3) those with mental illness were perceived as difficult to talk to. Perhaps even more surprising is that over 50% of the respondents in this survey personally knew someone with a mental illness. Another study(Moses, 2010)reports the impact of mental health stigma on teens:62% of these teens surveyed noted social rejection and loss of friendship when stigmatized by their peers, 35% reported stigma from teachers in the form of gossip, fear, pity, avoidance and under-estimation of abilities, and 46% of these teens reported similar results in the form of parental stigmatization. Recent research suggests that 1in 4 Americans have a mental illness. That means that of the myriad people that you will come in contact with over the course of your day, there is a very high likelihood that one of them, as the saying goes, “is fighting a great battle…so be kind.” Yet we know that nearly two-thirds of all people with a diagnosable mental illness will not seek treatment. Why?Lack of knowledge, fear of disclosure, rejection of friends, and discrimination at the work place are a few reasons why people with mental illness don’t seek help. As with any prejudice (racial, ethnic or sexual), the stigma of those suffering with a mental illness can be overcome in simple, but powerful ways: 1) be conscious of stigmatizing language: the illness does not define the person: there are individuals with schizophrenia, not ‘schizophrenics’. No one says, “Oh, Sally, yes she’s a cystic fribrosis-er.” Instead we would say, “She has cystic fibrosis.” 2) Educate others, and speak out against stereotypes. Seek out community programs that foster education and sensitivity and finally, 3) seek out support: approximately 70-90% of individuals with mental illness lead healthier lives with treatment. In the end, everyone you meet is fighting a great battle, so be kind. About: This article was written by Phillip J. Kuna and was previously published in the Abington Journal. Phillip is Adjunct Professor of Religious Studies at Marywood University, and is completing his MA in Clinical Psychology. He is affiliated with John G. Kuna, PsyD and Associates Counseling services. If you would like more information on our mental health services please don’t hesitate to call (570-961-3361), visithttp://johngkunapsydandassociates.com/or find us on Facebook for more information. References: Crisp, A. H. et al. (2000). Stigmatisation of people with mental illness.The British Journal of Psychiatry,1774-7. doi: 10.1192/bjp.177.1.4 Moses, T. (2000). Being treated differently: Stigma experiences with family, peers and school staff among adolescents with mental health disorders.Social Science&Medicine;,70(7), 985-993. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.12.0022
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