Perceived Value Is RealityBy Jason Lee Miller - Mon, 12/29/2008 - 12:26pm. Why incentives close sales and cash is trash Closing the sale is a delicate and at times unpredictable process.Consumers have varying reasons to reject or accept an offer and often someincentive is necessary. But what kind of incentive is most effective andbrings the most return for the retailer? A discount? A gift? Freeshipping? The impact and value of the word "free" shouldn't be overlooked, butneither should the cost of offering something for free. Especially,though, retailers should consider what market researchers are calling the"perceived value differential" or PVD for short. On the consumer side, it's pretty simple math and the goal isstraightforward: get the absolute most for my hard-earned money. It's farmore complicated for the seller, who must develop a moneymaking strategyvia profits and loss equations or cease to do business at all. Marketing researcher Dr. Flint McGlaughlin labels the cash discount as theworst incentive one can offer. That's a general statement, and likely onenot applicable to all situations, but it makes sense on a few levels.Offering $10 off is a straight cash loss to the retailer, and leaves that$10 out in the Wild West of commerce. Better incentives would include a$10 gift card, where a customer might spend more than that amount on asecond purchase at the retailer's store, not another place. Perceived Value Is Reality For online purchases, it doesn't take long for a consumer to weigh a cashdiscount against the cost of shipping. It the shipping cost is more thanthe discount, then the discount could mean very little. Free shipping, bythe way, has been cited repeatedly as the most sought-after incentive bycustomers. It only works for the retailer, though, if shipping costs canbe worked into the overall pricing scheme. It may only cost $4 to ship anitem, or $20. An important distinction there is the perceived value of shipping theitem. In all likelihood, the consumer is unaware of the actual cost ofshipping without knowing the weight, distance, courier, or bulk shippingarrangements. But it is possible (even likely) the customer perceives thecost of shipping is higher than a cash discount offered elsewhere. Let's be honest about the ease of comparison-shopping online, while we'reat it. The retailer's goal is to bring the total cost of the item downbelow what competitors offer. Perhaps your biggest competitor offers thesame product you do at $40, plus $10 shipping. Perhaps that samecompetitor inflates shipping costs to make up for a steeper, heavilypromoted discount. If you could bring that total cost somehow to $45, evenif it means $45 price and free shipping, you win. Another incentive that carries perceived value is a free gift. TheMarketingExperiments.com study looked at offering a half-pound of gourmetcoffee with purchase versus a free steel thermos. There is very littledifference in the cost of the two items ($2 vs. $3), but because theperceived value of the thermos ($15) is twice that of the coffee ($8), thePVD of the thermos ($12) brings back a higher return on incentive (ROIc). We play this game in other economies as well. This very recently-passedholiday season, recipients of a $25 restaurant gift certificate needn'tknow the giver paid only $2 for it during a last-minute online promotion.The recipient gets perceived (and real) value and gives the giver much(perhaps disproportionate) thanks. - - - - - - - - -If you could give away gas and groceries would thatincrease the number of subscribers, customers or sales you'd get ?visitwww.customerincentives.info
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