About Gerontological Nursing and Dementia

Caring for elderly dementia patients presents special challenges and as the population matures, there is a growing need for experienced gerontological nurses.  Dementia patients experience deteriorating mental capacities and they are less able to assist with their own care.  Being familiar with the special needs of elderly dementia patients can help nurses give the best care possible. 

Symptoms of Dementia

Depending on the patient's level of contact with family members and physicians, signs of dementia may go unnoticed.  Symptoms of dementia can include memory loss, problems with coordination, inappropriate outbursts, paranoia and agitation.  The inability to learn new information and hallucinations are also common symptoms of dementia. It is important to notice symptoms early so that the patient can make any important decisions while mentally able.  

Challenges

The day-to-day care of a patient with dementia presents a host of challenges for a nurse.  It is important to develop a specific routine for daily management of dementia patients, as this has a calming influence and reduces confusion for the patient. Given that the symptoms of dementia tend to get worse in the evening when the patient is tired, try to arrange demanding activities early in the day to prevent problems.

Abuse

Elderly patients are at a high risk for physical and emotional abuse and neglect, because they are often unable to defend themselves and identify their attackers.   A gerontological nurse needs to be aware of the prevalence of elder abuse and the signs of that abuse.  

Signs of Abuse

When bathing or examining an elderly dementia patient, always be on the alert for signs of abuse. Common signs to watch for include unexplained bruises, burns, welts, sprains or dislocations, restraint marks and skin infections that indicate your patient has been left in soiled undergarments for long periods of time. As the nurse, you should also investigate reports of an overdose of medication, and watch for emotional changes such as refusal to eat or sudden withdrawal.  It is important to always reports signs of abuse to facility administrators and the police.

Support

Dementia patients may forget who their caregivers are, or think they are trying to harm them.  Patients sometimes lash out verbally or even physically, making the caregiver’s job more stressful.   Most elder care facilities have support networks in place for nurses and other health care professionals; to help them manage the stress of caring for dementia patients.