About Color Theory for the Visual Artist

Color theory is used by visual artists to create the right moods and color schemes that will enhance their artistic creations. When color is used properly it serves as the most influential design element in drawings, murals and paintings. Color theory posters and color wheels are utilized by artists as a reference point when deciding upon the right texture, color palate and design.

Color Wheel

The color wheel was designed by Sir Isaac Newton in 1666. It is a basic reference point used by artists for choosing colors and determining how certain colors will blend together. The color wheel contains what are known as primary, secondary and tertiary colors. The most common version of the wheel consists of 12 colors, however over the years different variations of the wheel have existed.

Tints, Shades and Tones

Tints, Shades and Tones is a color theory principle that illustrates what happens when the colors white, black, and gray are added to pure hues and result in creating different hues altogether. When white is added to a pure hue the result is described as a "tint.” When black is mixed with a pure hue the resulting effect is called a "shade.” When gray is combined with a pure hue the effect is called a "tone". This is helpful for artists who like to deviate from the main colors displayed on the color wheel.

Color Harmonies

In the use of color theory, color harmonies refer to basic techniques for creating color schemes. The “complementary” color scheme refers to colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel. Complementary colors when used together create a vibrant look and work well when you want something to stand out. The “analogous” color scheme uses colors that are located next to each other on the color wheel; these color schemes are usually found in nature and often look serene and pleasing to the eye. “Triadic” color schemes are comprised of colors that are evenly spaced on the color wheel; this color scheme creates a balanced effect particularly when using dominant and accent colors.